How can we reconcile modern medical knowledge about fetal sex determination with the teachings of Allah?
The saying of Allah in Surah Luqman (31:34) asserts His knowledge of what is in the wombs. This verse, alongside reports in Tafsir Ibn Jarir and statements from Qatadah, may raise questions about the extent of human understanding compared to divine knowledge.
Firstly, it's crucial to clarify that the Quran never contradicts established facts. If apparent conflicts arise, either the claim lacks substance or the Quran isn't explicit in opposition. Both the Quranic verses and factual realities are conclusive and cannot contradict each other.
Concerning the knowledge of fetal sex, advancements in medical technology allow for accurate determinations. However, this knowledge doesn't oppose Quranic teachings. The Quran refers to hidden matters known only to Allah, such as the length of time in the womb, life, deeds, provision, and the sex of the fetus before physical formation.
After formation, the sex becomes observable but remains unseen due to physical barriers. It's possible that advanced technology might penetrate these barriers, although neither the Quran nor the Sunnah explicitly mention such knowledge.
Regarding historical accounts of divine revelation about fetal sex, they lack continuous chains of narration and may be understood as limited knowledge before formation.
Scholars indicate that divine texts, scholarly consensus, analogical reasoning, perception, or logic can specify exceptions to general rules. In summary, there's no contradiction between the Quran and factual knowledge.
Any apparent conflicts arise from misunderstandings or ill intentions. Scholars reconcile faith and reason, recognizing that explicit Quranic verses don't contradict established facts. May Allah guide us to truth and righteousness.